First published in 1719 and exceptional in its day for its 460 brilliantly coloured copper engravings, Louis Renard's treatise on the marine life of the East Indies was dismissed in the 19th and 20th centuries because of its apparent embellishment, exaggeration, and even falsification. Ichthyologist Theodore W. Pietsch here re-examines this work and its almost surrealistic renderings and discovers a work of considerable scientific and historical interest. In addition to its importance as one of the rarest natural history books known - and one of the very few pre-Linnaean works on marine organisms to be published in colour - Renard's book provides a description of the marine fauna of the East Indies that can be interpreted in light of modern scholarship. In this work, Pietsch places Renard's original book fully in its historical and scientific context. He supplies a facsimile of the original text, a full translation with historical notes, and 100 colour plates with their legends translated and annotated. Pietsch also includes an examination of Renard's life and how he came to write his book along with a taxonomic chart that identifies most of Renard's illustrated specimens.